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来源：明发彩票2024-03-19 17:48

兴安岭深处“慢火车”的守护者******

　　【春运进行时】

　　光明日报记者张士英光明日报通讯员刘杨

　　深冬的内蒙古绰河源镇，寒风凛冽。

　　1月7日8时30分，气温降到零下27℃。中国铁路哈尔滨局集团有限公司齐齐哈尔工务段新绰源线路车间线路工王磊正和7名工友穿着厚重的羽绒大衣，脚上套着毡疙瘩，一字排开蹲在线路中心处理冻害。

　　位于大兴安岭中段的绰河源镇群山围绕，全年无霜期仅有90天，冬季最低气温可达零下40℃，由博克图镇至塔尔气镇的铁路线，每天通行一对公益“慢火车”，是大山深处近万名林业职工和家属走出大山的唯一一条铁路线。

　　今年春运，6239次“慢火车”迎来返乡高峰，而此时正是冻害发生最频繁的时段。

　　268处，这是近一个月以来，工队处理的冻害数量。“博林线周围地下水极为丰富，线路又在群山中穿行，冬季水遇低温结冰膨胀，就会导致基床不均匀隆起产生冻害，造成列车颠簸甚至影响行车安全。”今年是王磊在绰河源度过的第四个春运，虽然环境艰苦，但谈起自己的工作他特别自豪，“工区管辖范围内的冻害是普通线路的50倍以上，我们每天6点出发，争分夺秒地赶在列车通过前处理好，让返乡过年的旅客安全、平稳地乘坐列车。”

　　冬天的山区尤为寂静，撬棍与钢轨碰撞的响声在树林中越传越远，此时作业组已经持续蹲着作业1个多小时，大家的帽子、睫毛全都挂了霜。在队伍中间的王磊，刚开始蹲在线路中心，时间一长腰酸腿麻，他感觉上不来气，干脆跪在轨枕上。

　　“小磊，你去撒垫板，数量我写在轨枕上了。”工长解子学向王磊喊，处理冻害是个慢功夫，需要在轨底垫上一定厚度的橡胶垫板，使凹凸不平的线路变得平顺。长时间的下蹲，哪怕是从业多年的工长也有点吃不消。工长和工友轮流换下王磊，让他去干点轻活。

　　11时36分，对讲机传来6239次列车接近的消息，工队迅速清理现场、摆放扣件、复紧螺栓，仅一上午，就用光了500多个胶垫。一套工序结束后，工长解子学整个身子趴到钢轨上，耳朵和脸几乎贴到地面，眯着眼睛目测检查维修后的轨道平顺度，用道尺测量无误后这处冻害就算完活了。

　　工队下道接车后，也到了午休时间，拿出车间准备的韭菜鸡蛋和猪肉葱花馅饺子，王磊从麻袋中掏出几块垫板在积雪上压出一个座位，和工队围成一圈，有说有笑地吃起午饭。“等忙完春运，我就能回家吃我老妈包的饺子了。”王磊说，饭后他们还要赶到下一个养护线路。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月09日 10版）

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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.